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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Garoua</span></h1>
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<th colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe6">Garoua
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<tbody><tr><td style="border: none; padding: 0; text-align: center;"><div style="position: relative; z-index: 0; padding: 0; display: inline-block; width: max-content; vertical-align: top; border: none;"><div style="position:absolute; top:34.7%; left:61.9%; height:0; width:0;"><div style="position:relative;z-index:100;left:-4px;top:-4px;width:8px;height:8px;line-height:0px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="geo:9.3,13.4" title="(9° 18′ 0″ N, 13° 24′ 0″O)"></a></span></div>
<table style="font-size:90%; border:none; border-collapse:collapse; line-height:1em; position:absolute; width:6em; margin: 0 .2em; text-align:right; right:1px; bottom:1px;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="notheme" style="position:relative; z-index:9; color:#202122;"> </span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top; background:#FFFAFA; color:#202122;"><a href="World_Geodetic_System_1984" title="World Geodetic System 1984">Koordinaten</a>
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<td><span id="text_coordinates" class="coordinates -print"><a class="external text" href="geo:9.3,13.4"><span title="Breitengrad">9° 18′ <abbr title="Nord">N</abbr></span>, <span title="Längengrad">13° 24′ <abbr title="Ost">O</abbr></span></a></span><span class="geo noexcerpt" style="display:none"><span class="body"></span><span class="latitude">9.3</span><span class="longitude">13.4</span><span class="elevation"></span></span>
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<th colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe6">Basisdaten
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<th style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left; background:#F2F2F4; color:#202122;"><a href="Staat" title="Staat">Staat</a>
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<td><a href="Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a>
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<th style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left; background:#F2F2F4; color:#202122;"><a href="Regionen_Kameruns" title="Regionen Kameruns">Region</a>
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<td><a href="Nord_(Kamerun)" title="Nord (Kamerun)">Nord</a>
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<th style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left; background:#F2F2F4; color:#202122;"><a href="D%C3%A9partement" title="Département">Département</a>
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<td><a href="B%C3%A9nou%C3%A9_(D%C3%A9partement)" title="Bénoué (Département)">Bénoué</a>
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<th style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left; background:#F2F2F4; color:#202122;"><a href="H%C3%B6he_%C3%BCber_dem_Meeresspiegel" title="Höhe über dem Meeresspiegel">Höhe</a>
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<td>195 m
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<th style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left; background:#F2F2F4; color:#202122; border-bottom-style:none"><a href="Einwohner" title="Einwohner">Einwohner</a>
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<td style="border-bottom-style:none">235.996 <small>(2005)</small>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; background:#F2F2F4; color:#202122;"><div style="text-align:center;">Die Zentralmoschee von Garoua</div>
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<p><b>Garoua</b> (deutsch: <b>Garua</b>) ist mit 235.996 Einwohnern (2005) eine der größten Städte <a href="Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kameruns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-City_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die am <a href="Benue" title="Benue">Benue</a> gelegene Hauptstadt der <a href="Nord_(Kamerun)" title="Nord (Kamerun)">Nord-Region</a> und des <a href="B%C3%A9nou%C3%A9_(D%C3%A9partement)" title="Bénoué (Département)">Département Bénoué</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2></div>
<p>Garoua entstand in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts als befestigte Siedlung der <a href="Fulbe" title="Fulbe">Fulbe</a>-Eroberer gegen die Übergriffe der ursprünglich im Benuë-Tal ansässigen autochthonen Bata- und <a href="Fali" class="mw-disambig" title="Fali">Fali</a>-Gesellschaften. Als solche war es Sitz eines vom Amir Fombina in <a href="Yola_(Nigeria)" title="Yola (Nigeria)">Yoola</a> abhängigen Fulbe-Subamirats unter der Regentschaft eines Ardo. Die Residenz wurde allerdings unter Ardo Bakari Mayha (1851–1863) nach dem gesünder und strategisch günstiger gelegenen Laynde (Leinde) verlegt und kehrte erst um 1870 nach Garoua zurück. Laynde blieb Nebenresidenz und war noch bei Beginn der deutschen Okkupation des Landes die bedeutendere Ortschaft.
</p><p>Die ersten intensiveren Beziehungen mit einer europäischen Macht bestanden in Form einer Handelsniederlassung der britischen <i>Royal Niger Company</i>, die 1889 bis 1892 eine <a href="Hulk_(Schiffstyp)" title="Hulk (Schiffstyp)">Hulk</a> auf dem Benuë bei Garoua unterhielt. Im Oktober 1893 besuchten die deutschen Forschungsreisenden Edgar von Uechtritz und <a href="Siegfried_Passarge" title="Siegfried Passarge">Siegfried Passarge</a> die Stadt.
</p>
<p>1901 unterlag in den Kämpfen zwischen der deutschen Kolonialmacht und dem kurz zuvor von den Briten entthronten Amir Fombina der regierende Ardo Mal Dayfourou (1897–1901) der <a href="Schutztruppe_f%C3%BCr_Kamerun" title="Schutztruppe für Kamerun">deutschen Schutztruppe</a> und wurde durch einen kooperationswilligen Nachfolger (Ardo Buuba Dewa, 1901–1921) ersetzt. Aufgrund seiner handelsstrategisch wichtigen Lage am Endpunkt der Schiffbarkeit des Benuë wurde Garua zum Verwaltungssitz der <a href="Residentur_Adamaua" title="Residentur Adamaua">Residentur Adamaua</a> und Standort einer <a href="Kompanie_(Milit%C3%A4r)" title="Kompanie (Militär)">Kompanie</a> der Schutztruppe bestimmt – der siebten Kompanie (1914). Unter deutscher Herrschaft setzte ein massiver Aufschwung der Stadt ein, die bald andere historische Zentralorte der Fulbe wie <a href="Maroua" title="Maroua">Maroua</a>, Ray, <a href="Ngaound%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Ngaoundéré">Ngaundere</a>, <a href="Banyo_(Kamerun)" title="Banyo (Kamerun)">Banyo</a> oder <a href="Tibati" title="Tibati">Tibati</a> überflügelte und sich zum Oberzentrum für den Nordteil Kameruns entwickelte.
</p><p>Bis Februar 1902 wurde der Bau einer Militärstation vollendet, die in späteren Jahren weiter ausgebaut wurde. 1905/06 wurde eine bis zu acht Meter hohe, von zwei Türmen flankierte Befestigungsmauer mit Schießscharten errichtet. <a href="Reduit" title="Reduit">Reduits</a> und ein Umfassungsgraben ergänzten die militärischen Anlagen. Der Kernbereich des Stationsareals umfasste schließlich eine Fläche von ca. 2000 m². Im <a href="Kamerun_im_Ersten_Weltkrieg" title="Kamerun im Ersten Weltkrieg">Ersten Weltkrieg</a> war Garua 1914 und 1915 mehrmals das Ziel britischer und französischer Angriffe aus den Nachbarkolonien. Im Verlauf des Krieges wurden hier neben der siebten auch Teile der achten und zwölften Kompanie zusammengezogen. Zur Verteidigung Garuas bauten die deutsche Schutztruppe und afrikanische Arbeiter aufwändige <a href="Schanze_(Festungsbau)" title="Schanze (Festungsbau)">Wehrschanzen</a> mit <a href="Wolfsgrube_(Milit%C3%A4r)" title="Wolfsgrube (Militär)">Fallgruben</a> im Vorgelände. Erst nach mehreren Gefechten und hartnäckigen Belagerungen konnte Garua im zweiten Kriegsjahr von der <a href="Entente_cordiale" title="Entente cordiale">Entente</a> eingenommen werden.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klimatabelle">Klimatabelle</h2></div>
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<tbody><tr><th>Garoua</th></tr>
<tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Klimadiagramm</th></tr>
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<tbody><tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr>
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<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:13.5em;height:3.38em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:16.88em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">34</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:12em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">18</span></div>
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</td>
<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:14.1em;height:3.36em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:17.46em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">37</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:12.6em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">21</span></div>
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<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.04em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">2</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:14.94em;height:3.02em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:17.96em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">40</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:13.44em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div>
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<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.88em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">44</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:15.28em;height:2.62em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:17.9em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">40</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:13.78em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">26</span></div>
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<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.16em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">108</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:14.98em;height:2.32em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:17.3em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">37</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:13.48em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div>
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<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.7em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">135</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:14.64em;height:2em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:16.64em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">33</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:13.14em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">23</span></div>
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<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.1em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">205</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:14.44em;height:1.78em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:16.22em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">31</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:12.94em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div>
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<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.96em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">248</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:14.4em;height:1.74em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:16.14em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">31</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:12.9em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div>
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</td>
<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.8em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">190</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:14.38em;height:1.92em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:16.3em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:12.88em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.26em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">63</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:14.44em;height:2.4em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:16.84em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">34</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:12.94em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.04em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">2</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:13.84em;height:3.36em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:17.2em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">36</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:12.34em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">19</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">0</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:13.46em;height:3.5em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:16.96em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">35</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:11.96em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="background:#e44;color: transparent; width: 12px; line-height:12px;display:inline-block;">_</span> <a href="Monatsmitteltemperatur" title="Monatsmitteltemperatur">Temperatur</a> (°C)</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="background:#ace;color: transparent; width: 12px; line-height:12px;display:inline-block;">_</span> <a href="Niederschlag#Niederschlagsmenge" title="Niederschlag">Niederschlag</a> (mm)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1em; font-size:85%"><b>Quelle:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wetterkontor.de/de/klima/klima2.asp?land=cm&stat=64860">wetterkontor.de</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="border: 1px solid #B5B5B5; margin-bottom:.5em; border-spacing:4px;">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<div style="font-size:95%; text-align:center; margin-bottom:5px;"><b>Monatliche Durchschnittstemperaturen und -niederschläge für Garoua</b></div>
<table class="toptextcells hintergrundfarbe5" style="padding: 5px; border-spacing:1px; text-align:center; font-size:95%; margin-bottom:10px;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="height:15px">
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Jan
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Feb
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Mär
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Apr
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Mai
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Jun
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Jul
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Aug
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Sep
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Okt
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Nov
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Dez
</td>
<td style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:3px;">
</td>
<td style="width:45px">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="height:20px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="Mittlere höchste Tagestemperatur in Grad Celsius">Mittl. Tagesmax. (°C)</abbr>
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4040;">34,4
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4040;">37,3
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4040;">39,8
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4040;">39,5
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4040;">36,5
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4040;">33,2
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4040;">31,1
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4040;">30,7
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4040;">31,5
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4040;">34,2
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4040;">36,0
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4040;">34,8
</td>
<td style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:3px; font-size: 110%;"><b>⌀</b>
</td>
<td style="background: #FF4040;"><b>34,9</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="height:20px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="Mittlere niedrigste Tagestemperatur in Grad Celsius">Mittl. Tagesmin. (°C)</abbr>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA500;">17,5
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8C00;">20,5
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8C00;">24,7
</td>
<td style="background: #FF6347;">26,4
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8C00;">24,9
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8C00;">23,2
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8C00;">22,2
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8C00;">22,0
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8C00;">21,9
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8C00;">22,2
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA500;">19,2
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA500;">17,3
</td>
<td style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:3px; font-size: 110%"><b>⌀</b>
</td>
<td style="background: #FF8C00;"><b>21,8</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="15" style="height:5px;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="height:20px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Niederschlag#Niederschlagsmenge" title="Niederschlag">Niederschlag</a> (<abbr title="Millimeter = Liter pro Quadratmeter">mm</abbr>)
</td>
<td style="background: #EED8AE;">0
</td>
<td style="background: #EED8AE;">0
</td>
<td style="background: #EED8AE;">2
</td>
<td style="background: #CFE8FF;">44
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">108
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">135
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">205
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">248
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">190
</td>
<td style="background: #8AB0FF;">63
</td>
<td style="background: #EED8AE;">2
</td>
<td style="background: #EED8AE;">0
</td>
<td style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:3px; font-size: 110%"><b>Σ</b>
</td>
<td style="background: #4169E1;"><b>997</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="15" style="height:5px;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="height:20px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Sonnenschein" title="Sonnenschein">Sonnenstunden</a> (<abbr title="Stunden pro Tag">h/d</abbr>)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA500;">8,9
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA500;">9,0
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA500;">8,4
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA500;">8,2
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA500;">8,3
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA500;">7,5
</td>
<td style="background: #FFCC66;">6,3
</td>
<td style="background: #FFCC66;">6,0
</td>
<td style="background: #FFCC66;">6,8
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA500;">8,5
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA500;">9,3
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA500;">9,3
</td>
<td style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:3px; font-size: 110%"><b>⌀</b>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFA500;"><b>8</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="15" style="height:5px;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="height:20px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Regentag" title="Regentag">Regentage</a> (<abbr title="Tag">d</abbr>)
</td>
<td style="background: #EED8AE;">0
</td>
<td style="background: #EED8AE;">0
</td>
<td style="background: #EED8AE;">0
</td>
<td style="background: #F0F8FF;">4
</td>
<td style="background: #B9D3FF;">7
</td>
<td style="background: #6495ED;">9
</td>
<td style="background: #828BD9;">12
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">15
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">13
</td>
<td style="background: #F0F8FF;">4
</td>
<td style="background: #EED8AE;">0
</td>
<td style="background: #EED8AE;">0
</td>
<td style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:3px; font-size: 110%"><b>Σ</b>
</td>
<td style="background: #CFE8FF;"><b>64</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="15" style="height:5px;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="height:20px; text-align:left;"><a href="Luftfeuchtigkeit" title="Luftfeuchtigkeit">Luftfeuchtigkeit</a> (<abbr title="Prozent">%</abbr>)
</td>
<td style="background: #F0F8FF;">30
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">27
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">29
</td>
<td style="background: #CFE8FF;">49
</td>
<td style="background: #8AB0FF;">62
</td>
<td style="background: #6495ED;">75
</td>
<td style="background: #6495ED;">78
</td>
<td style="background: #4169E1;">81
</td>
<td style="background: #4169E1;">80
</td>
<td style="background: #6495ED;">72
</td>
<td style="background: #B9D3FF;">50
</td>
<td style="background: #F0F8FF;">37
</td>
<td style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:3px; font-size: 110%"><b>⌀</b>
</td>
<td style="background: #B9D3FF;"><b>56</b>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="float:left; font-size:75%; margin-top:10px; text-align:center; margin-left:15px; display:none; height:220px;">
<tbody><tr>
<td rowspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding-right: 3px; line-height:150%;">T<br>e<br>m<br>p<br>e<br>r<br>a<br>t<br>u<br>r
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 8px; border-left: 1px solid gray; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="Januar" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:192;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">34,4
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:85px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:108px;">17,5
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="Februar" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:207;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">37,3
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:84px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:123px;">20,5
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="März" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:219;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">39,8
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:76px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:144px;">24,7
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="April" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:218;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">39,5
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:66px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:152px;">26,4
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="Mai" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:203;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">36,5
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:58px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:145px;">24,9
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="Juni" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:186;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">33,2
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:50px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:136px;">23,2
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="Juli" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:176;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">31,1
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:45px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:131px;">22,2
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="August" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:174;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">30,7
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:44px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:130px;">22,0
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="September" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:178;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">31,5
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:48px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:130px;">21,9
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="Oktober" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:191;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">34,2
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:60px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:131px;">22,2
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="November" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:200;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">36,0
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:84px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:116px;">19,2
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="Dezember" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:194;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">34,8
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:88px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:107px;">17,3
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr class="hintergrundfarbe-basis">
<td style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 8px;">Jan
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Feb
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Mär
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Apr
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Mai
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Jun
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Jul
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Aug
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Sep
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Okt
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Nov
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Dez
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div style="clear:right;font-size:85%; line-height:1em; margin-top:5px;"><b>Quelle:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wetterkontor.de/de/klima/klima2.asp?land=cm&stat=64860">wetterkontor.de</a></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bevölkerung"><span id="Bev.C3.B6lkerung"></span>Bevölkerung</h2></div>
<p>Die Bevölkerungsentwicklung der Stadt: <sup id="cite_ref-City_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th style="background:#efefef;">Jahr
</th>
<th style="background:#efefef;" width="100px">Einwohner
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1976 (Zensus)</td>
<td align="right">63.900
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1987 (Zensus)</td>
<td align="right">141.839
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2005 (Zensus)</td>
<td align="right">235.996
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastruktur">Infrastruktur</h2></div>
<p>Die Stadt ist ein Zentrum der <a href="Binnenschifffahrt" title="Binnenschifffahrt">Binnenschifffahrt</a> und Umschlagplatz für den Handel des <a href="Agrikultur" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrikultur">agrikulturell</a> geprägten Norden Kameruns. Außerdem verfügt Garoua über einen <a href="Flughafen_Garoua" title="Flughafen Garoua">internationalen Flughafen</a> und Textilindustrie.
</p><p>Die Stadt gliedert sich in drei sogenannte Städtische Arrondissements:<sup id="cite_ref-City2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-City2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RG_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RG-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li>Garoua I</li>
<li>Garoua II</li>
<li>Garoua III</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2></div>
<p>Seit 1947 ist die Stadt Sitz des <a href="R%C3%B6misch-katholisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Römisch-katholisch">römisch-katholischen</a> <a href="Erzbistum_Garoua" title="Erzbistum Garoua">Erzbistums Garoua</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2></div>
<p>Garoua ist Heimat des erfolgreichen Fußballklubs <a href="Cotonsport_Garoua" title="Cotonsport Garoua">Cotonsport Garoua</a>, der bereits mehrfach die <a href="Premi%C3%A8re_Division_(Kamerun)" title="Première Division (Kamerun)">höchste kamerunische Fußballliga</a> gewonnen hat.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Söhne_und_Töchter_der_Stadt"><span id="S.C3.B6hne_und_T.C3.B6chter_der_Stadt"></span>Söhne und Töchter der Stadt</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Ahmadou_Ahidjo" title="Ahmadou Ahidjo">Ahmadou Ahidjo</a> (1924–1989), erster Präsident Kameruns (1960 bis 1982)</li>
<li>Eldridge Mohammadou (1934–2004), Wissenschaftler, Historiker<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><a href="Issa_Tchiroma_Bakary" title="Issa Tchiroma Bakary">Issa Tchiroma Bakary</a> (* 1946), Politiker</li>
<li><a href="Issa_Hayatou" title="Issa Hayatou">Issa Hayatou</a> (1946–2024), FIFA-Funktionär</li>
<li><a href="Haman_Adama" title="Haman Adama">Haman Adama</a> (1950–2024), Politikerin</li>
<li><a href="Nicolas_Alnoudji" title="Nicolas Alnoudji">Nicolas Alnoudji</a> (* 1979), Fußballspieler</li>
<li><a href="Idrissa_Adam" title="Idrissa Adam">Idrissa Adam</a> (* 1984), Sprinter</li>
<li><a href="Annabel_Laure_Ali" title="Annabel Laure Ali">Annabel Laure Ali</a> (* 1985), Ringerin</li>
<li><a href="Henri_Bienvenu" title="Henri Bienvenu">Henri Bienvenu</a> (* 1988), Fußballspieler</li>
<li><a href="Guy_Toindouba" title="Guy Toindouba">Guy Toindouba</a> (* 1988), Fußballspieler</li>
<li><a href="Jacques_Zoua" title="Jacques Zoua">Jacques Zoua</a> (* 1991), Fußballspieler</li>
<li><a href="Vincent_Aboubakar" title="Vincent Aboubakar">Vincent Aboubakar</a> (* 1992), Fußballspieler</li>
<li><a href="Edgar_Salli" title="Edgar Salli">Edgar Salli</a> (* 1992), Fußballspieler</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Garoua?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Garoua</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-City-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-City_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-City_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/Cameroon-Cities_d.html">(Historische) Einwohnerzahlen der Regionen und Städte Kameruns</a> citypopulation.de, siehe Tabelle <i>Die größten Städte</i>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Hans_Sur%C3%A9n" title="Hans Surén">Hans Surén</a>: <i>Kampf um Kamerun – Garua.</i> Scherl, Berlin 1934.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-City2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-City2_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/de/cameroon/admin/">Verwaltungsgliederung von Kamerun bei citypopulation.de</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-RG-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RG_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ins-cameroun.cm/document/repertoire-actualise-des-villages-du-cameroun-troisieme-recensement-general-de-la-population-et-de-lhabitat-du-cameroun/"><i>Troisième recensement général de la population et de l'habitat</i> (3. RGPH, 2005)</a>, Bureau central des recensements et des études de population du Cameroun (BUCREP), 2010, Seite 256–259.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/africanistes/640?lang=en">Journal des Africanistes</a>, abgerufen am 19. März 2018</span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-g" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten">
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Normdaten (Geografikum): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4441331-2">4441331-2</a></span> | <a href="Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/235208914/">235208914</a></span> </div>
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